A Biologically-Inspired Penetration/Drilling/Sampling System for in situ Astrobiological Studies

Due to ultraviolet flux in the surface layers of most solar bodies, future astrobiological research is increasingly seeking to conduct subsurface penetration, drilling and sampling to detect chemical signature for extant or extinct life. To address this issue, we present a micro-penetrator concept (mass < 10 kg) that is suited for extraterrestrial planetary deployment and in situ investigation of chemical and physical properties. To draw inspiration from nature, a biomimetic drill is designed based on the working mechanism of wood wasp ovipositors to access material under oxidized layer for biomarker detection. One of the major limitations of sampling in low gravity environments (such as Mars, asteroids, etc) is the need for high axial force when using conventional drills. The biomimetic drill is proposed to address this limitation by applying a reciprocating motion without any external force. It is lightweight (0.5 kg), driven at low power (3~5 W), and able to drill deep (1~2 m). Tests have shown that the reciprocating drill is feasible and has potential of improving drill efficiency without using any external force. The overall penetration/drilling/sampling system provides a small, light and energy efficient solution to in situ astrobiological studies, which is crucial for space engineering. Such a micropenetrator can be used for exploration of terrestrial-type planets or other small bodies of the solar system with the minimum of modifications.